How mosquitoes feed and breed

Mosquitoes feed primarily on nectar, although females also need the nutrients from animal or human blood to produce eggs and, unlike male mosquitoes, their mouth parts can penetrate skin and draw blood from hosts.

Female mosquitoes find hosts by using their antennae which detect carbon dioxide and other organic compounds expelled when humans and animals breathe out and sweat.  Studies have revealed that mosquitoes prefer some hosts over others: blood type, the bacteria on your skin, and even genetics can influence your attractiveness to female mosquitoes.

While the quantity of blood mosquitoes extract is inconsequential to the host, the saliva in mosquitoes’ mouths can carry diseases which may be passed-on, including Malaria, Yellow Fever, Chikungunya, Dengue fever, and the Zika virus.  According to the US Center for Disease Control, the chances of contracting Malaria from mosquitoes in Mexico is very low, although it advises pregnant women and their partners to take special precautions due to the risk of Zika virus.

Mosquitoes by season and region in Mexico

Mosquitoes are most prevalent in Mexico between April and November, and their numbers swell during the rainy season (June to October).  Sub-tropical regions in the south including the states of Chiapas, Tabasco, and Yucatán experience a higher proliferation of mosquitoes than areas further north.  Mexico’s fertile coastal plains provide the ideal environment for mosquitoes to thrive, but you’ll find plenty of them in places situated at elevation too, albeit fewer the further north you are in the central highlands. Mosquito numbers decline significantly —but don’t vanish entirely— from late autumn and through the winter months and will begin to return around the middle to late half of the dry season.

Practical matters concerning mosquitoes in Mexico

Most mosquito bites in Mexico are an annoyance more than a threat: your risk of contracting a disease is very low.  However, mosquito bites are not pleasant so it’s good practice to defend against them—whether you’re just here on a visit and especially if you live in Mexico or spend an extended period of time here.

Active hours

Although mosquitoes tend to be more active after dusk, female mosquitoes will bite anytime of day, especially in warmer and more humid climates.

Mosquito nets on windows and doors

An excellent way to guard your home in Mexico against mosquitoes is to install mosquito net-screens on your windows and install swinging mosquito net-screens in front of outside doors.  These allow you to enjoy an air flow, keeping your indoor spaces cool and naturally refreshed, while preventing mosquitoes from entering; this is especially helpful overnight during the hotter months when a cool night breeze can help you to rest. If your windows and doors don’t have mosquito nets, close them just before sundown to prevent lots of mosquitoes from entering your home and disturbing you at night.

Bed nets

Even using window and door net-screens, some female mosquitoes will always sneak-in, hide and become active overnight in their search for blood hosts—especially during the peak summer breeding season.  Whether you have mosquito nets on your windows or not, a bed net is one of the best and most effective ways to prevent your night’s sleep from being interrupted.  They are especially useful over children’s beds and cots.  They’re inexpensive, easy to install (simply hang from a hook in the ceiling), and the net can be folded back during the day.  Bed nets are a superior solution to burning incense or using some other artificial repellents in the room while you sleep.

Prevent mosquitoes breeding around your home

Mosquitoes need water to breed and checking your home spaces for possible mosquito breeding habitats will prevent you from having to deal with a swarm in your immediate vicinity.

The most common mosquito-breeding habitats in homes are laundry and utility areas, garden ponds, unused fountains and swimming pools, and any other places on the property where water can accumulate in stagnant pools.

Make it a regular habit to overturn water buckets and bins after use (even small pools of water in the base of a bucket create a breeding opportunity); if you have an unused fountain or swimming pool, keep it clear of stagnant water; if you have a garden pond you can use certain natural plants, fish, and/or essential oils to dissuade or prevent mosquitoes from breeding there; check near drainage areas, and on any flat roofs as well as other nooks and crannies which may accumulate pools of water after it rains: mosquitoes can breed quickly, and preventing them from using your home to multiply is a good first line of defense.

Body lotion mosquito repellents

Wearing insect repellent on your skin is the most common way to prevent mosquitoes from biting you while you’re enjoying the outdoors.  There are two types: the traditional synthetic repellents (usually based on DEET as the active ingredient) and repellents made using natural oils.

Repelente de insectos is readily available from local pharmacies and supermarkets across Mexico: the most common synthetic big-brand repellent on sale here is called “Off” and the alternative natural formulas made using citrus and other oils are sold under various brand names but most often include the word “Citronella” on the label.  You can buy them in liquid form with a spray top, or as a lotion or cream.

Dressing against mosquitoes

It’s worth wearing long sleeve shirts, trousers and socks after dusk if you plan to spend time outside during an evening.  Biting mosquitoes tend to go for places on your body with the least amount of hair, e.g. feet, ankles, legs/knees, ears, and neck.

If you are visiting or traveling through densely-foraged areas in humid regions (which includes many archaeology sites) it’s worth dressing using long sleeves and trousers as well as using a generous helping of insect repellent on exposed skin, regardless of the time of day.  If you’re traversing through rural areas which are densely-wooded, or through jungle, a hat with a sewn-in mosquito net is also recommended.

Candles, incense and coils, and bug sprays

‘Citronela’ candles are available for purchase locally although their efficacy seems doubtful.  Incense and coils which you light to emit smoke are also available; some claim they are suitable for indoor use, although these are probably best kept outside and used for evening garden parties, and other outdoor gatherings.

Big-brand mosquito insecticide sprays are readily available in stores and supermarkets across Mexico—they are effective, but the active ingredients are toxic to humans and other plant and wild life as well, so use them sparingly—or better, choose alternatives.

Electronic devices to deal with mosquitoes

There are three electric devices commonly used for deterring and eliminating mosquitoes.

Chemical diffuser and sound waves

Some people purchase devices which plug into an electricity socket on the wall: one type requires the continual purchase of an accompanying oil which is diffused into the room by the device; the other type emits a high-pitched frequency sound, inaudible to humans and supposedly unfriendly to mosquitoes and other insects. If you have pets, they might not appreciate these devices.

Ultra-violet light lamps

The other popular electric device is a ‘bug zapping’ lamp, that attracts flying insects using a UV lamp and electrocutes them.  The debris fall onto a tray that must be cleaned out.  A key issue with these is that they attract all flying insects, not just mosquitoes—and some flying insects are helpful to have around.

Simple alternative to electric devices

A hanging bed net —see above— is more effective and does not fill the room with artificial chemicals, high-frequency sound pitches which might affect sleep or hearing, and does not require you to continually clean out a tray of dead bugs (including ones that can be helpful and not just biting/stinging ones).

Marquees with mosquito screen-nets

Mexico’s agreeable climates provide ample opportunity for outdoor activities and events and if you often spend time in the garden or entertaining guests outside during the evening hours, you might consider buying a marquee and adding a mosquito netting to the sides; some marquees are sold with the mosquito netting already sewn-in; it can be rolled-up when it’s not needed.

Natural repellents and remedies

If you want to defend against mosquitoes without using a lot of synthetic/toxic chemicals, there is plenty of advice online about natural ways to deal with mosquitoes.

After-bite treatments

Most people will experience a mosquito bite and how your body reacts depends on a range of factors.  Most mosquito bites create a swollen area and cause an itch; in some people the reaction can be more severe, for example, large blisters may form.  If you are bitten, you can purchase Andotol gel from local pharmacies in Mexico which is an effective after-bite treatment; ask the pharmacist about other after-bite products they have in stock; some use bicarbonate of soda as the active ingredient.

Symptoms of possible disease

The odds of a disease being passed to you from a mosquito bite in Mexico are very low; notwithstanding this, if after being bitten by a mosquito you feel fever, unusually sweaty, experience back and body aches, a stiff neck, or begin vomiting seek medical advice.

Mexico’s mountainous terrains

Elevations of 5,000 to 7,000 feet above sea level are not unusual for cities in Mexico’s colonial heartland as well as those in the southern states of Oaxaca and Chiapas.  Mexico City and Guadalajara are also cities situated at elevation.

If you plan to experience the Monarch Butterflies you’ll also need to adjust to the higher elevations in the forested mountains where these butterflies gather to overwinter in Mexico; and if you’re visiting higher elevation areas in Mexico’s Copper Canyon you’ll also need to take time to adjust.

Adjusting to being at higher elevations

Many people who arrive in Mexico tend to come from places situated much closer to sea-level —perhaps a few hundred feet above sea-level at most— and so a visit to one of Mexico’s inland towns or cities may leave you breathless in more ways than one, until your body becomes acclimatized to thinner air.

Mexico City, for example, is not only 7,200 feet above sea level (that’s about a mile and-a-half up in the sky), it’s situated in a valley surrounded by mountains and flanked by two volcanoes.  The mix of altitude, heat, and smog can become quite uncomfortable at times, and may leave you feeling exhausted after what may have seemed a normal day’s activity back home.

Mexico’s provinces do not suffer the smog that metropolises like Mexico City, Los Angeles, and Tokyo have come to inherit, but the altitude and the heat during summer months may cause you to feel more tired than usual if you are not already accustomed to higher elevation where you live.

Common symptoms felt by people adjusting to higher elevation include:

• Headaches
• Fatigue or lethargy
• Dizziness or nausea
• Loss of appetite
• Sleeplessness
• Shortness of breath

Advantages of living at elevation in Mexico

Elevation does bring with it some distinct advantages, too.

Being high up keeps the climate at more temperate levels, especially in comparison to the sultry, sweltering heat at the coasts in the high summer months.   During the fall and winter months, the mornings and evenings can be quite cool —even chilly in some places— which creates a welcome contrast to the warmer days and hotter summers.

Tips to help you acclimatize at high elevation

Getting acclimatized to elevation takes some time, and your body will usually adjust surprisingly quickly to the change of altitude given the right amount of rest and hydration.  Here are some practical tips:

Take it easy at first

Don’t plan too much activity for your first few days.  Give your body time to acclimatize to the change in altitude and lower oxygen levels.  Take a short nap in the afternoon if you like, or at least rest a while.

Drink plenty of fresh water

Two liters a day is recommended; keep drinking little and often all day. Staying thoroughly hydrated is really important at high elevations; even if you don’t feel thirsty.

Stay protected from too much sun

Wear a sun-hat and use protective sun lotion, even in the fall and winter months when the temperatures are lower. Keep your skin protected from excess sun even on overcast days as UV rays can penetrate cloud cover.

Moderate your alcohol intake

Wine, beer, and liquor will go to your head faster and the effects will last longer when you are drinking alcohol in places with high elevation; alcohol also dehydrates you, so you may want to consider scaling-back your normal consumption rates and supplementing your alcohol intake with additional fresh water.

Keeping well and staying healthy in Mexico

Within a few days, most people find that their body has acclimatized to higher elevation and the side-effects diminish. It is, however, important to continue to keep yourself well hydrated and watch your alcohol intake even after you have acclimatized.

For more practical information about keeping well and staying healthy in Mexico, read our Mexico Travel Health Guide – it’s packed full with tips and local knowledge.

If you’re visiting Mexico, you’re likely to experience the abundant variety of nature here: especially during the rain season when everything comes alive and the trees and flowers are in full bloom.

The likelihood of encountering a creature that is potentially harmful to humans is very low when you’re visiting Mexico, but if you’re here for longer periods, or have made Mexico your home, it’s inevitable that sooner or later, you’ll encounter an insect or arachnid that could be a potential health hazard.

An enormous variety of spiders make their home here, most of which pose a low risk to humans—with three exceptions.

The Black Widow

Widow spiders (Latrodectus) are present on most continents, and the Black Widow is prevalent across North America: in Mexico as well as the United States and parts of Canada. The venom from male Widow spiders is rarely harmful to humans, but the females’ toxin can be harmful in some cases, mostly to the very young, the very old and those who suffer an alergic reaction to the toxin. A bite from a Black Widow can cause severe muscle pain, abdominal cramps, heavy sweating, heart palpitations, and muscle spasms.  Symptoms can last up to a week, but bites are rarely fatal.  Although Widows are not especially aggressive, they will defend their nests and may attack if startled.  They make their home and nest in cool, dark, places—so be mindful where you place your hand when cleaning under window ledges or steps, and when you’re picking-up wood or stones in your garden or out in the countryside.  Take additional care when unpacking stored items from cool or dark cupboard spaces, as a Widow might have nested there.  Most Black Widows are a shiny black color with red and/or white markings on their abdomen, and some are a dark brown.  To get acquainted with the different varieties, you can view pictures online

The Brown Recluse

Also known as the ‘fiddle back’ or ‘violin’ spider, this arachnid is traditionally native to the south-eastern United States, but due to its adaptability and capability of going weeks or months without food, the species has migrated south: as stowaways in personal goods of people traveling to or moving to Mexico.  As a result, the Brown Recluse has been sighted across the country in recent years with bites reported.  It’s worth getting acquainted with this spider, as its potentially-deadly hematologic venom has no antidote; effects of bites vary widely and fatalities associated with the bite are usually among the infirm, very young, or old. Bites may bring about severe ulcers and can leave scarring around the bite area—that might require specialized surgery.  Like the Black Widow, the Brown Recluse likes dry, cool and dark spaces to dwell in, and like the Widows they are not aggressive but will defend their nests and may bite if startled.

The Hobo Spider

The least harmful of the three, the Hobo Spider’s toxicity to humans is debated; and some argue that bites from Brown Recluses are sometimes attributed to Hobo spiders (they look similar but have distinct features). Like the Brown Recluse, bites can cause a range of uncomfortable side-effects including severe headaches, and in rare cases an allergic reaction to the bite might be fatal.  Scarring may be experienced around the bite area, but healthy humans are very unlikely to feel any severe effects or die from a Hobo spider bite.  These spiders like damp, cool dwelling spaces, and tend to nest under moist wood piles and other crevices offering some humidity.  The Hobo is considered an aggressive spider, but like the others mentioned here, it will usually leave humans alone unless it feels threatened.

Tips for living among arachnids in Mexico

Taking a few precautions and being mindful of your environment can mitigate the risk of being bitten by a spiders. (And getting stung by a scorpion.)

Sticky spider cobwebs

A tell-tale sign of a spider’s nearby presence is the sticky cobweb silk that a spider extrudes from its spinneretes—this helps to trap its natural prey. If you’re unpacking bags or boxes, or cleaning a nook, and see or feel this sticky silk, be extra mindful with your hands and actions as a spider might have nested nearby.

Dealing with spider bites

Spider bites may be painful and cause a range of side-effects depending on the person’s age, state of health, and allergies; but spider bites, like scorpion stings in Mexico, are rarely fatal: young children, the infirm, and older people tend to be more prone to the potential severe effects, as well as those who are (knowing or otherwise) allergic to the venom.  Healthy people with a strong constitution are unlikely to die from spider bites in Mexico.

Identify the spider

If you are bitten, the most important thing to do is try and identify the spider.  Some spider bites are painless at first, which can make this difficult; so being mindful of your actions, especially when you’re in the garden, outdoors, unpacking stored items, or working in your home can help to mitigate the risks.

Shake-out stored clothes and shoes

Spiders are nocturnal creatures, and some might find their way into your shoes or clothes left out overnight, or nest in items you leave stored or unused for a length of time.  It’s good practice to shake your shoes (especially if you’ve had them stored in the cupboard for a while) before you step into them; and also double-check any clothes which might have been left out or stored before you put them on again.

Bags and baggage

Take care when traveling, especially in rural or remote areas, as spiders and scorpions are known to crawl in to bags and remain there until you get home to unpack.  If you have travelled in a remote area, or have left a case or bag stored, take extra care with your hands as you handle it and unpack—it’s easy to get bitten or stung if a spider or scorpion has found its way into your stored bags, packed laundry or personal items.

Watch yourself

Be mindful of where you put your hands generally, and where you step—especially if you’re walking barefoot or using open shoes or sandals.

Rural and remote areas

The more rural your environment is, the more likely you are to come across arachnids in Mexico.  Gardens in country houses (and garden ornaments and outdoor furniture), wood piles, rocks piles, crevasses, window ledges, and the underside of outdoor staircases are among spiders’ preferred dwelling spaces.

Protecting your bed space

In rural areas, where wildlife is far more prevalent, you might consider buying a net to cover your beds: they’re an inexpensive and effective means of defense against mosquitoes and creepy crawlies. Spiders and scorpions crawl along ceilings and sometimes they inadvertently fall off—and if this happens over your bed, you may get bitten or stung.  A bed netting will protect you from mosquito bites as well prevent potentially-venomous spiders and scorpions from making an unhappy landing on your resting space.

Spider nests near homes

Spiders will sometimes nest in unhelpful places, like underneath window ledges, alongside steps or crevices near your home’s entrances, or in spaces where children play outdoors—tree houses, for instance.  If you find a spider nest in these types of spaces, removal is the only sensible option. Spiders are aggressive when defending their egg sacs so if the spider you find is nursing its eggs, take extra care.  Some people ask their gardener, if they hire one, to deal with them; others call a specialist company, or deal with it themselves.

Mexico Essentials tips

Connect to our Mexico Essentials section for more practical insights about living, lifestyle and leisure in Mexico

This article summarizes what is happening in Mexico and provides links to official sources of information for more details.

Summary of latest developments:

• Mexico’s main airports and sea ports remain open; however;
• the US and Mexico have agreed to prohibit all but “essential crossings” at the land border until at least March 21st, 2021;
• air travel between the United States and Mexico remains unrestricted, but we recommend you contact the airline for details about procedures and as of January 26, all international air passengers intending to fly to the US need to get tested;
• Canada has suspended air traffic to and from Mexico and also  announced that it will require a negative Covid-19 test for land crossings into the country as of February 15, 2021, with exceptions for ‘essential travelers.’
• individual Mexican states and local municipalities are themselves determining how and when they restart social, cultural, educational, and economic activities based on a ‘traffic light’ system (Red, Orange, Yellow and Green);
• Mexican tourism is returning gradually. States and destinations that rely on tourists are setting-out phased plans to reopen leisure services in the months ahead.  The Copper Canyon train returned to service on July 17, and the Monarch Butterfly sanctuaries are expected to be open to visitors this fall.  A modest flow of domestic tourism is anticipated to resume this summer and it’s expected that international tourism will take longer to return.  States and regions are actively working out the details of how hotels, restaurants and other leisure activities will reopen;
• if you intend to visit Mexico this year we strongly recommend you contact your tour operator, or your airline(s) and hotel(s) if you’re traveling independently, to ask them about the current status of travel restrictions and services in the region(s) you plan to visit;
• if you are currently in Mexico under the auspice of a Visitor permit; or have a residency visa or card that is about to expire, this article offers practical advice about what to do;
• Mexican consulates abroad are gradually reopening to provide consular services; if you are in the throes of requesting any services through a Mexican consulate abroad: including a visa, residency permit, or menaje de casa, you should contact your nearest consulate to ask about current schedules and procedures;
• the issuance and renewal of Mexican passports was suspended on March 27th 2020; passport-issuance services resumed in June 2020 on a limited basis and anyone expecting to acquire or renew a Mexican passport should expect delays;
• continuous updates are available from this official government portal: coronavirus.gob.mx;
• the US State Department is providing updated travel advisories for its citizens as situations around the world evolve
• see also: tips for staying healthy while visiting or living in Mexico.

What travel companies and tour operators are doing to help:

• travel companies and tour agencies are temporarily waiving non-refundable deposits on bookings wherever possible
• they’re also allowing booked customers to postpone or change travel dates with minimal or no change fees
• some companies and agencies are offering a full credit on cancellations, allowing their customers to re-book at some future date using the credit on account

Other websites

• Mexican Government Portal: coronavirus.gob.mx
• Local news sites (No Paywall): El Universal (EN) and Milenio (ES)

Most, with the exception of mosquitoes, will leave humans alone and more often tend to scarper from you unless they feel threatened.  However, when you’re traveling in Mexico —and particularly in rural areas— you may come into some contact with one or more of these common species which dwell locally.

Here is a list of the most commonly-found critters, with tips about dealing with them:

You can learn more about health matters, including vaccinations and common health ailments, on the Mexperience guide Travel Health in Mexico.

See Also: Safety in Mexico and Healthcare in Mexico

Immunizations for Mexico

Do you need to Immunize for Mexico?

Many people who have never traveled to Mexico get the impression that immunization is an absolute requirement for Mexico. It is not in many cases. It is in some, depending where you plan to go.

Every year, hundreds of thousands of Americans travel to Mexico for their holidays, just as the British travel to Spain. Most Americans travel to Mexico’s beaches, resorts, colonial cities, archaeological sites, and other well-established tourist places. Many of them don’t immunize themselves for these trips. Do you need to? Probably not, but the choice is a personal one and you should speak with your doctor if you are uncertain.

Unless you plan to travel off the beaten track, for example, take jungle tours, or plan to travel in rural and/or remote areas of Mexico, or places that are not well established, the likelihood is, you won’t need to immunize yourself. The choice is a personal one and you should check with your doctor before you travel.

Remote Areas and Tropical Jungle

For travelers planning to explore life in Mexico off the beaten track, for example in the Jungle regions, immunization is a planning requirement.

If you are traveling with children, or you are a pregnant woman, remote / jungle areas are probably best avoided anyway.

It is important that you speak with your doctor about the necessary immunizations for the areas you are traveling to. People who travel off the beaten track in Mexico generally immunize themselves for the some or all of the following:

Diphtheria,Tetanus & Measles: You are probably already vaccinated against all of these. Boosters are necessary every 10 years – check with your doctor.

Hepatitis A: This is a travel illness like diarrhea, but much worse. It attacks the liver and is contracted by putting a contaminated substance (like food or water) into your mouth. A vaccination is available which requires a booster after 6 months.

Hepatitis B: Like Hepatitis A, this affects the liver but is caused by a different virus. Symptoms are more severe. It is spread by exposure to blood and sexual contact with people. A vaccination is available.

Typhoid: If you’re traveling to areas that are very remote, or especially where there may be hygiene issues – in particular risky water supplies – get vaccinated for this. Read the about drinking water in Mexico. Drinking un-purified or contaminated water is the most common cause of Typhoid. A vaccination is available (given orally or an injection).

Malaria: You need to get professional advice on this, as Malaria drugs are specific and subject to many factors including the area to which you are going, what other medicines you are taking and your medical history, etc.

Rabies: Mexico is not a rabies-free country, but through a government-backed domestic pets vaccination program that has been running continuously since the 1990s, the number of domestic animals with the disease has been virtually eradicated, so the risks of contracting rabies in everyday situations is very low. However, if your activities will include things like caving or exposure to wild animals – you may want to get vaccinated for rabies (3 injections over the course of a month); alternatively, you can be vaccinated AFTER being bitten, but must see a doctor AT ONCE.

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Common Health Ailments

Common Health Ailments

If you have never traveled outside of your home country/continent before, it is normal that you may experience some health ailments as a result of exposing yourself to a brand-new environment, perhaps on a different continent. Here is a list of the most commonly reported ailments that travelers to Mexico experience. Some are unavoidable, due to the climate or environment; others can be caused by exposing yourself to bacteria in undercooked foods or some liquids, which may not affect ‘locals’, but which may cause havoc with you! You can scroll down the list, or read about a specific ailment by clicking it from the list below:

• Turista (Diarrhea)
• Altitude Sickness
• Heat Exhaustion
• Heatstroke
• Jet Lag
• Sunburn
• Air Pollution

“Turista”

“Tourist” or sometimes known as “Montezuma’s Revenge” is the most common health ailment experienced by foreign visitors to Mexico. Turista is a mild form of diarrhea, although it does come in a variety of strengths and can last from a day to a week. A change of environment (food, climate) could cause a mild bout of this, and you should not be concerned if it does—it’s quite normal.

More severe forms are acquired by drinking non-purified water (the most common way) or foods that have not been properly prepared. Provided that you eat sensibly (only at good restaurants, hotels), watch the water you drink (see drinking water in Mexico ) and don’t overdo it on the spicy food, you should be fine. If you do become affected, the BEST thing is lots of liquids (not much food)—and go and buy some “Pedialyte” (pronounced “peh-dee-ah-lee-teh)— this is a hydration drink with added salt, sugars and electrolytes that help your body to re-hydrate. This is important when you have diarrhea as your body is constantly releasing fluids. Available at all pharmacies, choice of artificial flavors. Tastes awful, but it does the job! As an alternative, any Gatorade (European Name: Lucozade) drink will do the same job, and taste better.

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Altitude Sickness

There are lots of good places to visit in Mexico that are at altitude. When you mix heat of around 25-30 degrees centigrade, and altitude above a couple of thousand meters, you get an environment that can be very uncomfortable and very tiring for people not accustomed to it! Headaches, loss of appetite and the inability to sleep well are common symptoms. If you plan to visit places at high altitude, remember that it will take a day or two for your body to adjust. Plan plenty of rest breaks, drink plenty of water, take aspirin or Paracetamol if you get headaches and avoid spending too much time in the direct sunlight. After a day or two you can scale-up your activity schedule as your body adjusts to its new environment!

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Heat Exhaustion

Mexico is very, very hot in places. If you’re walking around in the sunshine, take bottled water with you and keep hydrated at all times. A sun hat is a good investment—you can buy a good one just about anywhere in Mexico! Salt deficiency is another problem—as you sweat, your body excretes the salt it needs. Tiredness, headaches and muscle cramps can happen through salt deficiency. Add some salt to your food if you don’t normally do this at home; consider taking some salt tablets (you can buy these at any local pharmacy). If you get very dehydrated, go to a pharmacy and buy “Pedialyte”—this is a hydration drink with salt, sugars and electrolytes that help your body to re-hydrate.

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Heatstroke

Nasty cousin of the previous ailment; this condition is serious and can be fatal, so watch out! You can get heatstroke if you fail to follow the advice above and spend too long in the sunshine and without drinking anything. The intense heat and lack of liquid can cause your body’s natural heating and cooling system to malfunction, and your body temperature will rise to very dangerous levels, possibly fatal ones. General symptoms are severe headaches and no sweating, coupled with dizziness and vomiting and/or nausea. Hospitalization will be essential; but initially, getting out of the sun, cooled down and hydrated (if not unconscious) is a priority. You can cool a person down by removing their clothing and wrapping them in a wet towel or sheet.

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Jet Lag

Jet Lag occurs when you travel across several time zones. Your body’s clock is set to sleep and wake naturally at times set in the place where you live. Travel to a significantly different time zone, and your body clock gets all confused! Traveling from east to west (e.g. Europe to Mexico), you should experience very little jet lag, because you are in fact, gaining time. You’ll arrive late afternoon or evening, and should be tired at around 10 pm, just in time for an early night after a long journey. When you wake up, you should feel fine.

Traveling east from Mexico (e.g. Mexico to Europe) will be a different matter because you are losing time. When you get back to Europe, your body will want to sleep, but it’s morning in Europe and time to get up and about. Your body thinks it’s 2 am! If you are traveling east, try to get some sleep on the flight if you can so that you’ll arrive having had some rest already. Try NOT to go to sleep (however much you want to) when you arrive back—doing so could severely upset your biological clock for a couple of days. Resist the temptation to sleep until around 7 pm the evening of your arrival. When you wake up the next day, you should be fine!

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Sunburn

Sunburn can cause serious health risks, immediate and long term—be sure to protect yourself in Mexico’s hot climates. Three main considerations for sun care in Mexico:

Sun Creams – Use high factor sun creams which are commensurate with your skin type: generally speaking, fairer people will need higher protection, but you should continue to protect with sun cream even after you develop a tan. You can also get hair conditioners with sun-block built-in to protect your scalp, if you want to.

Children – All young children need to take extra care in Mexico’s sun. Be sure to buy very high factor sun creams / sun block and insist that they wear it! Sun hats are a very good idea for protecting them, too.

Eyes and Lips – Protect your lips with a sun blocking lip cream; and get a good pair of sunglasses (with proper UV protection) to protect your eyes, especially if you will be near water, sand or snow, which reflect the sunlight very effectively.

Mild sunburn can be treated with Aloe Vera cream / spray, available at all pharmacies in Mexico.

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Air Pollution

In the winter months, between December and February, the air pollution in Mexico City can reach high levels and make it very uncomfortable to breathe in the capital. Air pollution levels in the capital can remain raised until the late spring, in May or June, when the rain season arrives and clears the air.  Air pollution is particularly prevalent in the winter, as colder temperatures create a ‘thermal inversion’ which traps the pollutants, and prevents them from dispersing.  As the winter months pass and temperatures warm, the pollutants disperse more easily. Rain and winds (March is traditionally a windy month) also help to clear the air.  When air pollution levels exceed certain levels, the Mexico City government implements additional safety measures to reduce car use in the capital.

Common symptoms which arise when you’re breathing in excess amounts of polluted air include a sore throat, sinus irritations, headaches, and fatigue. If you are in Mexico City during a time when air pollution levels are elevated, try to limit your activities, remain indoors, avoid running or strenuous exercise and drink plenty of water.

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Doctors, Dentists, Hospitals in Mexico

Professional Health Care in Mexico

Most people that travel to Mexico—even those on adventure trips—never have a need to seek medical attention. But accidents can happen and people do get sick. If you do fall ill or hurt, Mexico has good doctors, dentists and hospitals who will be capable of treating you caringly and professionally.

If you are in a remote or rural area and fall very ill, or are in need of some specialist treatment, you may want to travel to a bigger town or city where more modern facilities will be available.

Your travel insurance should cover you for any medical bills you may have on your visit to Mexico. Connect to the Mexperience guide to Travel Insurance in Mexico for more details.

Doctors

Local English-speaking doctors can be recommended by a good hotel. Most of the higher-quality hotels that cater for foreign visitors have a doctor on call at all times. Ask at reception.

Dentists

To find an English-speaking dentist, contact your hotel (see Doctors, above)

Hospitals

Most medium and larger sized towns and cities have at least one hospital or clinic. In an emergency, an ambulance will take you to a nearby hospital for treatment. Your doctor may refer you to a local clinic or hospital, for example to get broken bones / sprains attended to.

Also See: Health Care in Mexico

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Buying Medicines in Mexico

24 Hour Pharmacies

Many of Mexico’s pharmacies are open 24 hours a day. Some close at around 10 pm, others stay open all night. In smaller towns, pharmacies take turns staying open on the “all night” shift—ask locally for details.

Prescription or No Prescription?

Although you can buy almost any medicine you ask for over the counter in Mexico, you should only buy medicines that you know are safe to take from a ‘self-prescription’ perspective (e.g. over-the-counter painkillers, antacids, etc). If you think you need something stronger we recommend you see a local doctor and get a prescription.

You’ll find that most medicine is quite inexpensive in Mexico in comparison the USA, Canada and Europe: keep your receipts for claims on Medical Insurance where appropriate.

Also See: Health Care in Mexico

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Health Insurance

The Right Cover for You!

You need to ensure that your medical insurance will pay for any medical requirements you and those traveling with you may encounter as a result of your activities in Mexico. Your medical policy back home may not cover you in Mexico; if you live in Europe and are used to free treatment at the point of delivery within EU Member States, take note that Mexico does not have any reciprocal agreements in place and you will NOT be covered without private medical insurance.

Connect to the Mexperience section about Travel Insurance in Mexico for full details.

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Medical Evacuation from Mexico

While medical insurance provides certain coverages for you in Mexico, sometimes a fully-managed medical evacuation plan that transports you back to your doctors, your family, your healthcare network and your hospital of choice in your home country might be necessary.

Read our comprehensive Guide to Medical Evacuation from Mexico for full details about what it is, who needs it, and how to arrange coverage for your stay in Mexico.

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Health Care for Extended Stays in Mexico

If you plan to stay in Mexico for an extended period, either for a sabbatical, to live and work, or to retire, then you should consider your needs for longer term health care in Mexico.

Read our guide to Health and Health Care in Mexico, part of our extensive Living and Working guides, for full details.

We often receive emails asking questions about practical matters related to traveling with younger children in Mexico. This article brings together some practical guidance that answers those frequent questions, and also connects you to related resources on Mexperience to help prepare for your visit in Mexico with children.

Traveling to Mexico with minors: Single parents or guardians used to have to carry a notarized letter of consent when traveling to Mexico; however, international rules which set-out procedures to protect children who are traveling across borders have evolved and it’s now necessary to have paperwork to leave the child’s country of residence, not enter a country the child is visiting.  Details about the rules can be found on our related article, Traveling to Mexico with Minors.

Age of children traveling to Mexico: While older children are likely to get more out of a sight-seeing trip here than young babies or toddlers, children of all ages are welcome in Mexico. Children aged from around six years and up are likely to benefit more from a tour, and will be better prepared for the long flight (especially when traveling from Europe or Australasia).  If you’re planning to take a restful holiday at a beach in Mexico, you’ll find that baby-sitting facilities and day-care centers are available for toddlers and children in many family-oriented resorts; and daily activities and games are often laid-on for children, too. Note that some hotels and resorts have restrictions on child ages, and a small few resorts and hotels are adult-only venues.

Children and elevation in Mexico: Away from the coasts, many attractive places in Mexico’s inland regions are situated at quite a high elevation (5,000 to 7,000 feet above sea-level is not uncommon), and this can be especially tiring for children. If you are visiting an elevated region, which includes most of the country’s picturesque colonial cities, Mexico City and Guadalajara, plan your itinerary accordingly, building-in plenty of restful breaks and keep children well-hydrated to counteract any effects caused by the elevation.  Our article about enjoying places situated at elevation in Mexico shares detailed guidance about this.

Consumables for children: Diapers and the usual basket of necessities for young children (e.g. clean wipes, moisturizing creams, baby milk, etc.) are readily available at pharmacies and supermarkets across Mexico, so there’s no need to weigh your bags down with a supply for your trip, beyond what you’ll need for immediate use when you first arrive in Mexico.  If you have specialist creams or medicines for your children, bring these with you.

Special dietary requirements: If one of more of your children has food allergies, then you may want to pack some non-wheat/egg/dairy snacks in your checked luggage for their use when you first arrive.  Many supermarkets in Mexico now stock ranges of “free from” foods, including soy, almond and rice milk, ‘lactose-free’ cow’s milk, gluten free, wheat-free and dairy-free foods and snacks. They are usually clustered together on one of the aisles or on a sales island: ask the attendant for assistance.

Protecting children from excessive sun and heat: One of Mexico’s top attractions – its warmth and sunlight – can also be a health risk, especially to young skin.  Take great care with your children in Mexico’s sun.  Ensure your children are adequately protected by making them wear high-factor suntan and sun block lotion. If you forget to pack a hat for them you can buy one locally. The impact of Mexico’s sun, especially in exposed areas like archaeological parks (pyramids) and beach locations, cannot be over-emphasized. Even on cloudy days, UV rays penetrate the clouds and will burn you and your children. Sun creams (and after-sun lotions including gels like Aloe Vera) may be purchased at pharmacies and supermarkets throughout Mexico.  Heat exhaustion and sun-stroke are related — and potentially very dangerous — conditions related to excessive sun exposure.  You can find further information on our guide to staying healthy in Mexico.

Also read our guide to Traveling with Children in Mexico, which includes guidance about general health and well-being, climate types, buying medicines, and buying specialist foods.

This guide helps you to prepare for your travels to Mexico with children, providing background information as well as practical and health advice to make the most of your visit.

Traveling with children in Mexico

One of the first things that parents seem to notice when they travel in Mexico with their children is that the country welcomes them with open arms. Restaurants, attractions, coffee shops and, indeed, most public places will gladly accept children and make them and their parents feel welcome.

Restaurants and diners in Mexico have children’s menus on the table; if not, you can ask for a children’s menu and one will be brought to you. Many chain restaurants and diners also offer children’s play areas.

Family is a pivotal element of Mexican society and culture and it’s quite usual to see three or four generations sitting at a restaurant table enjoying a meal: especially at the weekends.

Children are loved and adored in Mexico; something which is reflected in the fact that children have their very own day here, on April 30th, (like mother’s and father’s days), known simply as Dia del Niño; it is customary to give children presents on this day.

Mexican children don’t tend to go to bed early during weekends and school vacation periods, so you’ll frequently see children out late enjoying themselves with their parents and (extended) families.

Generally speaking, children over the age of six years will benefit more from a leisure trip to Mexico than those younger than this age. This is partly due to the long flights (especially if you are traveling from Europe) but also because Mexico is a country filled with culture, and slightly older children may gain more from the experience than young infants would. This said, plenty of parents with infants travel successfully in Mexico and your infant children will be just as welcome.

Traveling to Mexico with minors

If you plan to travel with your children to Mexico, you should check the current rules for leaving your home country with minors, especially if they will travel unaccompanied by either or both parents, or their legal guardian, as you might need to show authorization to border officials from the absent parent(s) in order for the child(ren) to be allowed to leave your home country.

See Also: Mexican Consulates Abroad

Children with food allergies traveling to Mexico

If your child suffers from food allergies (e.g. diary, wheat, egg), then you may want to pack some non-wheat/egg/dairy snacks in your checked luggage for their use. Foods which come sealed in a container or air-tight package and intended for personal use should be allowed through customs. If you are questioned, explain that your child/children require them.

Lactose-free and Soy milk is now widely available in Mexico: ask for “leche deslactosada” or “leche de soya.” Rice and almond milk is also widely available. Most hotels and resorts offer dairy-free alternatives to milk an option for guests these days.

Many supermarkets in Mexico now stock ranges of “free from” foods, including soy, almond and rice milk, ‘lactose-free’ cow’s milk, gluten free, wheat-free and dairy-free foods and snacks. They are usually clustered together on one of the aisles or on a sales island: ask the attendant for assistance.

See also: Living and Working in Mexico: Buying Food

Practical and health matters for children traveling in Mexico

Mexico is generally regarded as a very safe place for children, which is one of the reasons why so many families take their vacations in Mexico every year. There are some health and practical matters to be mindful about, and we have published the latest list of significant matters for you to consider here:

Children and high elevations in Mexico

Away from the coasts, many attractive places in Mexico’s inland regions are situated at quite a high elevation (5,000 to 7,000 feet above sea-level is not uncommon), and this can be especially tiring for children. If you are visiting an elevated region, which includes most of the country’s picturesque colonial cities, Mexico City and Guadalajara, plan your itinerary accordingly, building-in plenty of restful breaks and keep children well-hydrated to counteract any effects caused by the elevation.

See Also: Breathing Easy at High Elevation in Mexico

Traveling with Children in Mexico City

Mexico City’s mixture of elevation, heat, and air pollution can make the city an uncomfortable place for children for prolonged periods and many people spend two-to-three days in Mexico City and leave to travel on to the colonial provinces, coastal resorts, or a combination of both. Mexico City is much quieter with less people and less pollution during Easter and between Christmas and New Year.  The worst months for air pollution in the capital tend to be January through March, due to the colder air creating thermal inversions. Winds in the springtime, and the rain season (May – October), especially, help keep the capital’s air pollution levels down.

Age of children traveling in Mexico

While older children are likely to get more out of a sight-seeing trip here than young babies or toddlers, children of all ages are welcome in Mexico. Children aged from around six years and up are likely to benefit more from a tour, and will be better prepared for the long flight (especially when traveling from Europe or Australasia).

If you’re planning to take a restful holiday at a beach in Mexico, you’ll find that baby-sitting facilities and day-care centers are available for toddlers and children in many family-oriented resorts; and daily activities and games are often laid-on for children, too. Note that some hotels and resorts have restrictions on child ages, and a small few are adult-only.

Baby sitters and child minders in Mexico

Baby sitters and child minders may be arranged if the adults want a night out; ask at your hotel for details.

Baby consumables in Mexico

Diapers and the usual basket of necessities for children (clean wipes, generic moisturizing creams, etc.) are readily available at pharmacies and supermarkets across Mexico, so there’s no need to weigh your bags down with a supply for your trip. If you have specialist creams or medicines for your children – take these with you.

Sun care for children in Mexico

One of Mexico’s top attractions – its warmth and sunlight – can also be a health risk, especially to young skin.  Take great care with your children in Mexico’s sun.  Ensure your children are adequately protected by making them wear high-factor suntan and sun block lotion. If you forget to pack a hat for them you can buy one locally. The impact of Mexico’s sun, especially in exposed areas like archaeological parks (pyramids) and beach locations, cannot be over-emphasized. Even on cloudy days, UV rays penetrate the clouds and will burn you and your children. Sun creams (and after sun lotions including gels like Aloe Vera) may be purchased at pharmacies throughout Mexico.

See also: Health in Mexico: Sun Burn

Traffic and children in Mexico

The presence of road traffic, whether in big cities or smaller towns, is a safety hazard for children in Mexico. If you’re exploring local areas, keep your children well-away from busy roads and keep a constant eye out for traffic movements when you are walking near any road traffic — even local residential traffic. Some major roads have foot bridges crossing them; underground pathways are less common. In colonial cities, cobbled-stone streets keep traffic speeds down, although there are many blind corners and when it rains, the cobbles become particularly slippery.

Related resources on Mexperience

Here are a number of links to other useful pages on Mexperience, related to traveling with children:

Weather and Climates in Mexico – Check the weather and climates Mexico offers by region and season

Mexico Essentials Guide – Complete practical and background information about Mexico including lots of tips and local knowledge

Travel Health in Mexico – Guide to you and your family’s health and well-being when you are traveling in Mexico

Buying Medicines in Mexico – Part of the Mexperience living and working guides, this section talks about how and where to find pharmacies.

Buying Food in Mexico – Part of the Mexperience living and working guides, this section shows you where to buy food in Mexico; also includes a section about eating out at Mexican Diners and Coffee Shops

Health and Healthcare in Mexico – If you want a more complete overview about healthcare in Mexico, read this section which is also part of the Mexperience living and working guides

Foreign Consulate Advice – See our directory of Foreign Consulates in Mexico as well as Mexican Consulates Abroad.

Also, Read the article about Consular Assistance in Mexico for advice about what consulates can and cannot do for you.

Best locations in Mexico for Children

Mexico is full of bright shapes and colors, and the new sounds and sights they’ll encounter will provide great stimulation and experience for your children on a trip to Mexico.

Besides the sea and sand of the coastal areas, archaeological sites provide pyramids to climb, tunnels to explore and wide open spaces to roam about in.

The list of locations below also highlights specific attractions for children in some of Mexico’s more popular destinations:

• Acapulco
• Cancun and environs
• Isla Mujeres
• Mazatlan
• Mexico City
• Puebla
• Veracruz

Acapulco

Castillo del Rey Leon (Lion King’s Castle) – A relatively new center that’s great for kids, it also has swimming pools and and a zoo.

CICI – Stands for Centro Internacional de Convivencia Infantil – but everyone knows it as just CICI. This is a family-oriented water sports park that features dolphin shows, aquariums, toboggan rides, and a small tidal wave pool and much more. Lots here to keep children entertained!

Magico Mundo Marino – Magical Marine World. This too has aquariums and water rides and activity pools to play in. Also featured here are sea lion shows, crocodile feeding, piranhas, turtles and much more!

Cancun and environs

Aquaworld – This Cancun’s largest water sports and marine center, featuring a wealth of attractions and activities, and you can also get diving and snorkeling lessons here.

Aqua Fun – If you want your children to have the opportunity to learn some water based sports, take them to Aqua Fun. Sailing lessons, snorkeling, diving and jet-skis, canoes and windsurfing equipment and lessons are available from here.

Wet ‘n Wild – American style water theme park with toboggan rides, slides, play pools, water chutes, etc – as well as diving and snorkeling lessons. They also have special pools for very young children.

Crocosun – On the highway between Cancun and Tulum, just about 1 mile north of Puerto Morelos is this small zoo, which is distinctive in that visitors are allowed to carry some of the animals! The zoo has some interesting attractions, including being home to over 300 crocodiles, white-tailed deer and Mexican hairless dogs!

Isla Mujeres

Dolphin Discovery – One of the top attractions of the island, is also a great place to take children! At dolphin discovery, you can actually swim with the dolphins (children must be aged eight or older, accompanied by an adult). More details on the Mexperience page about Isla Mujeres.

Mazatlan

Acuario Mazatlan – One of Mexico’s largest aquariums is found in Mazatlan – this one boasts over 50 aquaria hosting over 200 species of fish and marine life from all over the world. The center also has a sea lion area, a theatre, gardens, and a museum. Very popular with Children and adults alike!

Mexico City

Museo Papalote (Kite Museum) – You’ll find this popular museum in Chapultepec Park in Mexico City. All of the hi-tech exhibits here are ‘hands on’ and interactive – so kids love it! There’s also an IMAX screen here, which shows a variety of programs from cultural themes to historical documentaries.

Feria de Chapultepec – Mexico City’s main fun fair, which has been there many years and has recently been updated with a whole series of new rides. It also hosts La Montaña? Rusa (The Russian Mountain) – Mexico’s only wooden roller-coaster. Try to go during the week (closed on Mondays) as at weekends, the crowds are here in full force!

Six Flags Mexico – The American-style theme park, Six Flags, is now in Mexico. All the latest heart-pounding rides and theme events can be found here. As with Chapultepec, weekends bring long queues so go during the week if you can.

Chapultepec Zoo – Mexico City’s zoo is home to over 1,500 animals and is spread over 15 hectares of land. It is an integral part of Mexico City’s vast Chapultepec Park on the west side of the city. The zoo claims to be the world’s oldest, since it was founded by the Aztecs.

Puebla

Africam – Puebla is a great city, and a favorite attraction with children here is the Africam Zoo. Africam has been brilliantly designed to recreate a natural ‘African wilderness’ environment for the animals who live here. Endangered species are preserved and bred here; some of the animals featured include lions, giraffes, flamingos, monkeys and rhinos. You either drive through the area with your own car, or in one of the park’s chauffeured vehicles.

Veracruz

Acuario Veracruz – One of Mexico’s most fascinating aquariums can be found in Veracruz. It features a fabulous array of tropical fish – and sharks – which are all view-able from the underwater viewing tank. This is an extremely popular attraction with adults and children alike and a ‘must-see’ attraction if you are visiting Veracruz.

Contrary to some urban myths, Mexico’s tourism centers and public eating places are remarkably hygienic places to enjoy good food and drink. The Mexican government spends millions of dollars annually ensuring that food establishments are properly equipped and managed; it provides training courses for businesses serving food and drinks in Mexico, and imposes penalties on establishments which fall short of the high standards now required as part of regular sanitary inspections.

When visitors to Mexico fall ill, in most cases it’s due to heat exhaustion, altitude sickness, a lack of sufficient hydration or, most usually, a combination of these. The effects often manifest as upset stomachs, headaches, dizziness and sunburn (or, in severe cases, heatstroke). Contaminated food and water are usually the exceptional cause of illness, even though they are the universally-popular ‘whipping boy’ when people fall ill on vacation.

Most people traveling to Mexico do not get vaccinated for the trip; and in the majority of cases, vaccination is not necessary. In some circumstances visitors choose to vaccinate themselves, for example, if they plan to visit highly remote areas, travel through one of Mexico’s jungles, or explore caves. The issue about whether to vaccinate or not comes down to a personal choice, and our travel health guide discusses this in some detail.

Private medical treatment in Mexico is excellent. All treatments must be paid for, so you should carry adequate travel and medical insurance for your visit, or else be prepared to pay for any and all treatments (which may include clinic/hospital stays) should you need them. Minor treatments and medications are very affordable in Mexico, although major incidents requiring hospitalization or evacuation can be very costly. We recommend that all visitors and part-time residents arrive adequately insured and that long-term residents avail themselves of a good health insurance policy.

Our Mexico Travel Health Guide gives you a thorough overview of the key health considerations you need to take into account when you are planning a visit or part-time relocation to Mexico; and for those who want a more thorough understanding of longer term healthcare options in Mexico, connect to the Healthcare Section.

Business Hours and Public Holidays in Mexico

Business Hours

Shops: Shopping hours in big towns and cities start at around 10 or 11 a.m., and continue through to between 8 and 10 p.m. Shops in cities and big towns are open seven days a week; smaller places may close on Sundays, except tourist spots at high season. Christmas and Easter public holidays are observed; on other public holidays you’ll find most places open in cities and bigger towns and tourist spots. Smaller towns will have more limited opening hours, and in hotter, non-tourist regions, stores may close between 2 and 4 p.m.; check locally.

Banks: Bank branches in Mexico are now generally open from 9 a.m. to 4 or 5 p.m. in many cities and big towns, and some even open Saturday mornings. HSBC, for example, now opens from 8 a.m. to 8 p.m. six days a week in large towns and cities. For more information about managing your money in Mexico, connect to the Money in Mexico section here on Mexperience.

Office Hours: Commercial Office hours tend to run in line with those of the US: 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. Lunch breaks usually last an hour, but business lunches can go on much longer. Connect to the Business Section here on Mexperience for full details about business practices in Mexico.

Churches: Some churches remain open all the time; others are locked if there is no service going on, especially those hosting valuable art or artifacts. If you visit a church, be mindful of those inside who may be taking part in a church service.

Museums: Museums tend to have specific opening hours, and those outside of the major tourist areas usually close for a day in the week (often, but not always, on Mondays), so it’s best to check opening times beforehand if you plan to visit a specific museum.  A quick look online will reveal opening times.

Archaeology Parks: Archaeology parks are open to the public from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m., and all except those in the most frequented tourist areas (e.g. Chichen Itza in Yucatan) are closed on Mondays.

Public Holidays in Mexico

Mexico celebrates a number of public holidays throughout the year. You can learn more about the dates, holidays and events surrounding them on our guide to Public Holidays in Mexico.

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Video and Photography in Mexico

Printing Digital Photos in Mexico

If you would like to print your digital photos while in Mexico, you can visit the photo department inside major supermarkets (e.g. Wal-Mart). There are also independent photography shops—especially common in small towns where there are no major shops—where you can edit/print your digital photos, purchase additional memory chips for your digital camera, buy batteries and accessories and purchase a new camera or video equipment (note that photographic equipment is more expensive in Mexico than it is in the USA).  Film and videotape for non digital cameras are becoming obsolescent, but may still be available in some specialist photographic stores in larger towns and cities.

Video and Photography Etiquette in Mexico

Museums: Some museums and all major archaeology parks will make a small charge if want to take a handheld video recorder into the museum or site with you; some make a charge for cameras, although this is rare. Some will not allow flash photography, especially on ancient stonework and murals as it affects the longevity of the work. You’ll see notices written in Spanish and English that will advise you at each location.

Tripods: The use of tripods at all archaeological sites and some museums requires a permit. If you want to use a tripod you will need to apply for special permission from INAH (the government department that manages archaeological sites and some museums) and there will be a significant fee and plenty of paperwork involved. If you are outside Mexico, contact your local Mexican Consulate for information and details. Sites and museums which don’t allow tripods offer a “package hold” facility for people carrying tripods, where they can be left until you leave the site or museum. Use of tripods elsewhere (public spaces, beaches, towns, etc.) is permitted.

Etiquette: Be mindful of people you photograph and, if possible, ask their permission first – especially in small provincial communities and in the State of Chiapas, and particularly in and around San Cristobal de las Casas. A small few places (mostly small rural towns and villages) have restrictions on photography, and signs will be posted to advise you in such cases.

Military and Navy Installations: It’s best not to photograph the army or any military installations to avoid any misunderstandings.

Churches: Taking pictures inside a church when there is a service going on is considered disrespectful, so you should refrain from doing it. Taking pictures inside a church at other times is acceptable in Mexico.

Filming Professionally in Mexico

If you are planning to travel to Mexico to film or take photographs professionally (including research, cultural, artistic and educational programs), you will need to apply for a temporary filming permit. Contact your local Mexican Consulate for details.

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Drinking Alcohol in Mexico

Legal Drinking Age in Mexico

The legal minimum drinking age in Mexico is 18 years; three years before the USA’s legal drinking age, which is why a lot of older American teenagers ‘fly south’ to Mexico for a weekend or longer.

Although it has been rare in the past, requests for proof of age or identification when asking for an alcoholic beverage in Mexico are on the rise. Local authorities are also beginning to make spot-checks on establishments which sell alcohol, with officers approaching drinkers at the bars who look under age and asking for identification. However, Mexico is nowhere near as strict as the USA, where anyone who looks underage is immediately asked for identification before being served.

The Effect of Altitude

Many places in the interior of Mexico are situated at altitude (for example, Mexico City, Guadalajara and most colonial cities) and at high altitudes, alcohol will have more effect on you than if you were drinking at, or close to, sea level. See Blog: Breathing Easy at High Altitudes

Alcohol Licensing Laws in Mexico

Most Mexican states allow stores, restaurants, and bars to sell alcohol 24 hours a day. However, some state restrictions do apply; for example in the northern state of Sonora, that borders the U.S. state of Arizona, establishments cannot sell alcohol between the hours of 11 p.m. and 7 a.m. Mon-Sat, and on Sundays, they cannot sell alcohol from 3 p.m. until 7 a.m. the following Monday.

Drinking on the Street in Mexico

Technically, it is illegal to drink on the street in Mexico, but some people do, especially in tourist areas. If you want to drink a cold beer while walking down a street on a hot day, go ahead; but don’t be stupid and get drunk on the street: it will call attention to yourself, and you may end up having to deal with the police who, in such a circumstance may apply the letter of the law to your behavior.

Drinking and Driving in Mexico

Drinking and driving is a serious crime in Mexico. If you drink, take a cab: taxis are very affordable in Mexico, there is absolutely no need to take your car if you are drinking.

Drinking and driving is still more common in Mexico than it is in places like the USA and Canada and so, if you’re driving at night, or if you are a pedestrian near a tourist area with lots of bars, be extra vigilant of cars and traffic, especially in the early hours of the morning, when drunk drivers may be about.

Mexico has been stepping up its campaign against drunk-drivers in recent years, with structured programs where rolling road-blocks are set-up in areas where there are many bars and restaurants and on occasions when people are known to drink more (e.g. public holidays and Christmas).  New laws have enacted stiff penalties (including the prospect of prison sentences) for offenders. In Mexico City, for example, the police are now regularly setting up roadside breath tests on routes leading to and from popular night spots across the capital.

See Blog: Getting Consular Assistance in Mexico

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Newspapers and Magazines in Mexico

English Language Media

The only English daily print newspaper in Mexico is “The News”, which was re-launched in 2007 after an absence of several years, the result of its parent Mexican paper Novedades being closed. “The News” is widely available in Mexico City and is also distributed to tourist destinations and other cities across the country; especially cities with significant expat populations, e.g. San Miguel de Allende, Chapala/Ajijic.

Some magazine kiosks at Mexican airports and a few specialized stores in the capital and some other larger cities sell U.S., British or European print newspapers, some of which can be a day or two old.

English-language ‘global’ news magazines such as Time, Newsweek, People, etc. are available in their U.S. editions in cities and large towns across Mexico. The British based magazine ‘Economist’ is now available at larger news stands in the big cities and at Mexican airports.

Newspapers and magazines can be bought on street corner stalls. Many supermarkets are now beginning to stock newspapers and magazines too; but not all of them.  Sanborns Stores stock a very generous selection of magazines, some of which are in English.

Spanish Language Newspapers and Magazines in Mexico

Mexico has a wide selection of Spanish language newspapers from all sides of the political spectrum.  Click on the names in green to view the online versions; all are currently subscription-free except Reforma.

El Universal – One of Mexico’s biggest daily papers, news online does not require subscription, in Spanish

Milenio – A popular daily newspaper with a strong online following.

El Economista – Financial/Business Press, in Spanish

El Financiero – Financial/Business Press, in Spanish

Reforma – Mexico’s biggest daily, in Spanish (subscription required)

Latin Trade – Online version in English of the popular magazine that is dedicated to trade in Latin America

Magazines in Mexico

Popular Spanish language magazines include:

Proceso – A weekly publication with informed commentary and opinion about Mexican and Latin American politics

Mexico Desconocido – A travel magazine with lots of photos, dedicated to highlighting travel and tourism in Mexico

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Traveling to Mexico with Children

Take your family to Mexico with confidence. Read the comprehensive guide about Traveling to Mexico with Children for detailed information about making the most of your family time in Mexico.

Lone Parents and Minors Traveling to Mexico

The rules for minors (people under the age of 18) and lone parents* traveling with their children to Mexico have changed. See the Link to the guide above for full details.

*Lone parents includes single parents, and parents who are traveling with their children and without their spouse or partner.

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Tipping and Bargaining in Mexico

See Blog: Mexico’s Tipping Culture

See Also: Social Etiquette in Mexico

Tipping in Mexico

Tipping is common in the United States: it is almost second-nature and practiced frequently at most service establishments. In many European countries, it is not so common or customary to tip people for services.

Most people working in Mexico’s tourism and service sectors rely on your tips to supplement their basic pay and they give good service to prove that it makes a significant difference to them.

When you are traveling in Mexico, always keep some loose change in your pocket because you never know when you’re going to need some of it for a tip.

Some hotels and tours indicate that “all tips are included in the price”; if this is the case, fair enough, and there is no need to tip further. You may still wish to leave a small tip for the maids at the rooms you stay in, or offer the tour guide a small tip at the end of the program.

Although tips are frequent in Mexico, the amounts are relatively small, and they really can make a difference to the person whom you are tipping.

If you did not get poor service, you should consider tipping in these situations:

Restaurants – 10% – 15% is normal, depending on the class of establishment and level of service you received. At diners and similar places 10% is sufficient; at higher-end restaurants and bistros, 15% is expected for good service.

Hotels – Bellboys should be paid around US$1 per bag; Concierge around US$2 equivalent if they do something for you (e.g. book a table at a local restaurant); more if they undertake some particular research (e.g. found you a local tour operator, car rental agency, or chauffeur). If you don’t speak Spanish, remember that they will also be acting as translators for you and you should take this into account with your tip.

Hotel Chamber Maids – The unsung heroines (they are invariably women) of the hotel industry: chamber maids.   They will often travel a considerable distance to reach your hotel and spend the day cleaning and keeping guest rooms in good order, so that when you get back to your room, it’s waiting for you clean, fresh, and tidy.  It’s appropriate to leave a small tip and leave it each day because work schedules change, and the maid who cleaned your room initially may not be on duty the day you check-out.  The amount of the tip should vary depending upon the category of hotel: a sum in Mexican pesos, left in cash on the side table (next to the maid’s greeting card if one is present), equivalent to between US$1 (for economy hotels) and US$5 (for luxury hotels) per day is suggested and will be sincerely appreciated.

All-Inclusive Hotels: A small few packages stipulate that ‘tips are included’ and in this case no further tipping is required.  However in most cases, guides, porters, the concierge, table staff, and the chamber maids (see above) will appreciate a tip—even if, for example, the price of your meals (or just breakfast) is included in the room rate. For local guides, a reasonable tip commensurate with the amount of time and knowledge they shared with you is appropriate.  One US dollar (equivalent in Mexican pesos) per bag for porters; a dollar or two left on the table after each meal or round of drinks at the bar; and a tip for the chamber maids (see above) will be very much valued.

Gasoline Service Stations – If you rent a car and buy fuel, 3-5% of the cost of the fuel is normal, with 5-10% of the cost of the fuel if the attendant provides additional services (water, oil, tire pressure, etc). It’s usual to leave a few pesos tip within a rounded amount; for example, if you are filling up with $200 pesos of fuel, then you may tell the attendant that you want $190 or $195 pesos of fuel; you hand over the $200 peso bill and the attendant keeps the change. Read related guide to Driving in Mexico. You’ll need to ask for the additional services if you want them.

Car Valets – If you drive to a bar or restaurant and have your car parked by the establishment’s valet service, you should tip the attendant around US$1 equivalent in pesos when you leave, unless the valet has a pre-advertised rate (probably higher than this) in which case, pay that rate and no more.

Porters – When you arrive at a bus station, airport or hotel there will usually be a group of porters nearby waiting to take your bags. US$1 per bag in pesos equivalent is sufficient; perhaps a little more if the bags are over-sized, particularly heavy or if the attendant offers some additional value, for example, some local advice or directions.

Home deliveries – When you have goods or services delivered to your home, it’s customary to tip the service providers.  Examples include: gas deliveries, water bottle deliveries, supermarket deliveries, postal and courier services (e.g. Amazon, Mercado Libre). $10-$20 pesos is sufficient.

Bus Station Baggage Handlers/Caddies: If you placed baggage in the hold on a long bus journey, you might consider tipping the baggage handler with a coin ($5-$10 pesos is sufficient) when he checks your reclaim voucher and hauls the bag from the baggage compartment.  Although most people have baggage with wheels these days, sometimes if you have several bags you might call upon the help of a caddie: most (but not all) stations have a team of caddies using wheeled dollies to carry baggage from the bus-stop platforms to the taxi cab ranks. There is no set fee, although around $1 US dollar per bag, equivalent in Mexican pesos, and a bit more if the bags are over-sized, is sufficient.

Bus Station Taxi Rank Attendants – If you carried your own bags to the official taxi booth at the bus station, you may find that there is an assistant waiting nearby there who will offer to carry your bags once you have purchased your taxi ticket. You don’t have to allow this person to help you, but if you do, you may find it more efficient getting the next taxi from the rank. See Traveling by Bus in Mexico for more details. $10 pesos is sufficient. See Traveling by Bus in Mexico.

Taxis – If you take a cab from the street, it’s appreciated if you round up the meter charge to nearest $5 or $10 pesos depending on the comfort and speed of your journey; however, taxis hired from taxi ranks at hotels or official taxi ranks should be paid the advertised rate (or the rate you agree in advance) and no more. Also read the guide about Traveling by Taxi in Mexico which includes a link to current taxi prices in Mexico.

Bars and Cantinas – Tables at these are often attended (you don’t need to go to the bar to order food or drink) – and a tip of 10% of the value of your spending that evening is normal.

Supermarket Bag Packers: Students and retired folks work at supermarkets across the country to pack bags at the supermarket checkout counters. For students, the money they earn contributes to the funding of their education; for retired folks, the money they earn supplements their pension.  These people are not salaried and work entirely on tips.

Car Park Attendants – Some car parks will have an “attendant”; a man or woman dressed up in a security-type uniform, who may direct you to a free spot, and see you reverse out when you return. These attendants are often older men who also keep an eye on things while you’re away. $3-$5 pesos is sufficient; a little more if they help you load your shopping bags into your car.

Spas – For personal services at Resort Spas, 10-15% of the value of the service (e.g. a Massage) is normal. If you’re staying at a Destination Spa, you can tip good service personally, 5-10% of the service’s ‘stand alone’ value is fine; or you can add a tip to your final bill, to cover everyone—even the ‘behind the scenes’ people: 10-15% of the bill is sufficient. For more information about Spas, read our guides to Spas in Mexico.

Toilets / Restrooms – Some public toilets now make a small charge for entry, and you’ll find these are usually reasonably clean and tidy. If one of these is not available, go to a restaurant, bar (even if you’re not eating or drinking at it) or department store if there’s one nearby. You may well find an attendant there who is looking after the place, making sure it’s clean tidy; some may hand you a paper towel to dry your hands. Near the wash-basins, you may see a small wooden box, sometimes with a piece of cloth inside (and usually a coin or three on it). $5 pesos tip, double that if it’s an upscale establishment, is sufficient.

Stop-Light Entertainers – In Mexico City particularly (but not exclusively) you may find that one or more informal entertainers begin to perform a short skit. The ‘performance’ may include juggling, eating fire, miming, etc. After the performance is over, the people walk between the stationary cars in search of a small tip. Tipping is at your discretion.

Stop-Light Windscreen Wash – Some people will “wash” your vehicle’s windscreen, sometimes whether you want their service or not! Tipping is at your discretion.

Angeles Verdes – Meaning “Green Angels”, these are trucks that are painted green and travel along Mexico’s interstate highways helping people who have broken down. Their help is free, but they will charge you for parts and fuel if your car needs it. Be sure to tip the attendant; the amount is discretionary and should relate to how much help they were in a particular circumstance (e.g. more at night) and on how much work they have done for you. Read more about Traveling by Road in Mexico with Mexperience.

Bargaining in Mexico

People who visit Mexico rate shopping at the local markets as one of the most rewarding travel experiences they encounter.

Mexican traders enjoy bargaining, but beware: if they feel you are trying to devalue their goods too much, they will become upset and may even refuse to trade with you.

Bargaining is a common activity in Mexico, especially at markets and artifact stores and handicraft workshops.

As a rule, you should refuse the first price you’re offered, but be realistic with your subsequent offers, and don’t become too aggressive with your position.

Speaking Spanish – If you speak Spanish (even broken Spanish) you stand a much better chance of getting a better a deal on your purchases. This another good reason to Learn Spanish in preparation for your next visit to Mexico.

Markets and Street Traders – Mexican market traders are usually polite people who enjoy a good trade negotiation but, equally, they may become offended if you are too obstinate and will simply cease bargaining with you completely. Keep in mind that the people selling arts, crafts, and artifacts are generally humble artisans making a simple living and often supporting a family. Some may also be the creators of the wares they are offering for sale, so any deep devaluation of their work might be taken personally, too.

Department Stores, Malls – Department stores and shops in retail centers and shopping malls will not bargain with you.

Taxis – Some taxis are not metered (especially in small provincial towns) so negotiate your price before you get in. Also read the guide about Traveling by Taxi in Mexico which includes a link to current taxi prices in Mexico.

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LGBT in Mexico

Tolerance of sexual diversity is improving in Mexico’s three big cities and some cosmopolitan provincial towns, although Mexican society’s typically conservative social attitudes means that tolerance in Mexico of people who are Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual or Transgender remains measurably lower than in places like the USA, Canada, Europe, and Australia. In certain Mexican indigenous cultures — for example, the Zapotecs and Mayas — sexual diversity has been widely tolerated for some time.

The legal rights of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender people in Mexico have been evolving in recent years, in line with international movements towards decriminalizing and respecting people’s sexual orientation. Same-sex relationships in Mexico were decriminalized in 1871, although individuals who were caught were prosecuted under lewd-behavior laws throughout much of the 20th Century.

In recent years, significant legal advances have been made in favor of sexual diversity. A significant amendment to the Federal Constitution in 2011 now prohibits discrimination based on sexual orientation and, in 2015, Mexico’s Supreme Court ruled to change the legal definition of marriage to encompass same-sex couples. As a result, an increasing number of States and Municipalities will now perform same-sex marriages, including Mexico City, Jalisco (Puerto Vallarta), and Quintana Roo (Cancun, Playa del Carmen, Tulum) and Guerrero (Acapulco).

Places in Mexico known to be gay-friendly and with active/growing LGBT communities are: Puerto Vallarta, Cancun, Mexico City, Acapulco, Guadalajara, Monterrey, Tijuana, and Puebla.

See Also: Getting Married in Mexico

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Drinking Water

When you’re traveling in Mexico, you must take extra care when drinking water, or fresh beverages that may have tap water added to them. Also check the ice—ask if it was made with tap water especially in more rustic establishments and rural areas. Salads can also be dangerous if they have been rinsed with tap water; so again, the rule is: if in doubt, ask first! All main hotels and good restaurants use purified water throughout.

All commercially produced beverages, including bottled and tinned water, fizzy drinks, wine, beer, spirits, etc will be perfectly safe for you to drink.

To make tap water safe, boil it for at least a few minutes; perhaps longer in locations situated at higher altitudes as the water boils at lower temperatures there. Water purification tablets and drops are available, but these generally have an adverse affect on the water’s taste. Another option is sterilizing pens that use ultra-violet light to purify, but don’t change the taste of the water.

See Blog: Drinking Water in Mexico

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Electricity

Mexico’s electricity system is the same as that of the USA: 120 V; 60 Hz. Any electrical equipment you carry with you that operates at the higher (240v) rate will need to be dual-voltage (e.g. hair driers). A lot of electrical equipment (like video cameras, digital cameras, laptops) that operate on low voltages via a product-specific adapter will happily cope with dual voltage—check the adapter and the device instructions to be sure.

Electricity Sockets in Mexico: You might need a socket adapter.  Plugs in Mexico are the same as in the US; two flat prongs; and some have a third, circular prong for earth, and small adapters can be sought locally for these too if the plug you want to connect into doesn’t have the third (earth) prong socket.  If you are coming to Mexico from a country that uses a different socket type, e.g. the UK or Europe, you will need to bring electricity socket adapters with you.  People visiting from the U.S.A. do not need to bring socket adapters as the plug fittings in Mexico are identical to those in the U.S.A.

Blog Article: When the lights go out

See Also: House Maintenance in Mexico

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Embassy and Consulate Information

What can your consulate in Mexico do for you?

Foreign consulates in Mexico can usually help with administrative tasks like replacing a lost or stolen passport, provide you with a list of lawyers if you get into legal trouble, (and let your family back home know you’re in trouble), liaise with Mexico’s foreign office to make sure that you are being properly treated if you’ve been arrested and, in exceptional circumstances, provide you with a publicly funded loan to pay for repatriation home if you become completely stuck (you will need to pay the loan back).

Foreign consulates and embassies cannot get you out of trouble. When you are in Mexico, you are bound by its laws and customs and subject to its legal penalties if you fall shy of the law, intentionally or otherwise.

See Blog: Obtaining Consular Assistance

Directory of Consulates & Embassies:

Directory of Foreign Consulates in Mexico

Directory of Mexican Consulates Abroad

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Time Zones in Mexico and Clock Changes

Time Zones in Mexico

Mexico had three time zones, until February 1, 2015, when the country created a fourth time zone in the state of Quintana Roo (home to the country’s most popular vacation resort towns).

From north-east to south-east the four time zones are:

Clock / Time Changes in Mexico

In 1996, Mexico decided to change its clocks in the fall and spring of each year. Before this time, clocks were never changed in Mexico.

Although Mexico’s Central Time zone moves its clocks, other time zones or States in Mexico don’t—or move them at different times.  Also, the dates on which Mexican clock-time changes may not be synchronized with those of the USA & Canada and Europe, so check this year’s clock-time change date schedules in the spring and the fall for precise date information about when clock-time will be altered.

See Blog: When Night Doesn’t Fall

Mexico’s State of Sonora does not observe DST Protocol

An exception to the clock change is Mexico’s northern state of Sonora, which borders the US State of Arizona, which is one of the few US states which do not move its clocks at any time of year to allow for DST; because of this, Sonora does not moves its clocks, either.

Mexico’s State of Quintana Roo not observing DST 2015-2019

The state of Quintana Roo, which includes popular cities including Cancun, Playa del Carmen, Tulum, and Chetumal will not be observing DST between 2015-2019. As with the state of Sonora, it will not move its clocks in these years.

Baja California Peninsula Clock-time Changes

Note that the state of Baja California Sur usually makes clock-time changes on the same dates as the Mexican mainland; however the state of Baja California (northern peninsula) may synchronize its clock-time changes on the same date as California in the USA.

Jet Lag

Travelers arriving in Mexico from the east (e.g. from Europe) do not generally experience severe jet lag as they have gained time traveling west. Returning from Mexico and traveling east (e.g. to Europe) can be tiring, as time is lost traveling east.

Read this Related Article in the travel health guide here on Mexperience for tips and advice about how to minimize the impact of Jet Lag when you travel to and from Mexico.

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Mosquitoes make their home here along with other apparent ‘scary’ creatures such as spiders, scorpions, and snakes; but unlike the creatures that crawl, mosquitoes are far more commonly seen and felt – and thus can become more annoying.

Mosquitoes in Mexico are particularly proliferate during the rainy season – between May/June to October (sometimes extending to November).

Of the 3,500 varieties of mosquitoes found world-wide, very few feed on humans.  Mosquitoes feed on nectar as their principal source of nourishment, although females must supplement their diet with animal or human blood as the proteins and iron it contains are critical to egg production.

It has been known for years that mosquitoes exhibit a tendency to bite some humans and avoid others and much folklore has been woven around the matter of who is more or less likely to be bitten and why. An article published in a British newspaper reported on some findings revealed that biting mosquitoes do not care for humans that expel a ‘fruity-sweet smelling’ body odor through their sweat. The researchers are now in discussions with companies to help develop natural repellents that do not rely upon DEET.

When you’re in Mexico during the rain season, it’s wise to use a mosquito repellent when you’re outdoors or otherwise exposed to mosquitoes.  Local pharmacies and supermarkets sell name-brand repellents in sprays and creams (‘Off’ is the most recognized brand here) and you can also purchase natural repellents, sometimes known sold under the name citronela, made using a mixture of citrus and natural oils which mosquitoes don’t like.  If you have been bitten and need some relief, local pharmacies sell ointments, one example is named ‘Andatol‘, which reduce the itching and encourage healing—ask your local pharmacist for advice.